Reflective Account Temperature Measurement - 979 Words

Reflective Account 2(850) : Temperature measurement Description My mentor asked me to take the body temperature of a patient. The patient is a 32 years old female Mrs W . I have confirmed to my mentor that I am confident to carry out the procedure. I started by introducing my self to the patient and ask consent to carry out the procedure; Mrs W said that she is happy with the fact that I will take her body temperature as part of the normal observations( Lefrant et al. 2003,cited in Dougherty Lister 2015). I wash my hands before I have checked the equipment. Also I make sure Mrs W is sitting comfortable; I have ask and checked if she is wearing hearing aids (– she is not wearing hearing aids . also the patient was in a vertical position while sitting in a chair so was no lying on none of the ears (Bridges Thomas 2009). The route to be use is by ear. I have start by checking the mode from LCD display on the tympanic membrane thermometer and placed a disposable probe on the thermometer probe tip. Gently I have inserted the probe tip in the ear canal until nearly seal the opening and press the scan button. After a few seconds the thermometer indicate the temperature reading by at beep signal and afterwards I have remove the probe tip in order to record the reading of the temperature. Mrs W s temperature was 37.7 °C . I have recorded as appropriate however reported to my mentor who supervise me throughout the procedure . Feelings Although I have performed this skillShow MoreRelatedTesting Measurement Of Blood Pressure, Body Temperature Measurement And Blood Glucose Monitoring983 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to reflect on skills that I have performed whilst on my placement namely manual measurement of blood pressure, Body temperature measurement and blood glucose monitoring. 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Once further research was done regarding Pluto it was determined that the size of Pluto was too small to account for the irregularities of the orbits. Astronomers continued to search for a tenth planet, Planet X. The calculations that made scientists to believe this have since been proven incorrect by the Voyager 2. With the more accurate mass of Neptune thatRead MoreReflection on Taking Blood Pressure Essay example1848 Words   |  8 PagesA REFLECTIVE ACCOUNT OF A LEARNT SIMULATED SKILL BLOOD PRESSURE. The aim of this essay is to reflect and discuss my knowledge acquired in a simulated learning skill experience which forms part of my training as a student nurse in accordance with the Nurses and Midwifery Council (NMC 2010). (Marieb and Hoehn, 2010, p 703) defined Blood Pressure (BP) as ‘the force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood, and is expressed in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg)’. BP is still oneRead More Pluto Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesactually a fortunate accident. Clyde Tombaugh was searching for a ninth planet to explain inconsistencies in the orbits of Neptune and Uranus. Once further research was done regarding Pluto it was determined that the size of Pluto was too small to account for the irregularities of the orbits. Astronomers continued to search for a tenth planet, â€Å"Planet X.† The calculations that made scientists to believe this have since been proven incorrect by the Voyager 2. With the more accurate mass of Neptune thatRead MoreDesign And Fabrication Of Helical Coiled Solar Water Heater With Auto Gps Beacon Essay1984 Words   |  8 Pagesthis employments of fossil powers make air contamination and as the expenses of normal asset exhaustion. The sun is the main star of our nearby planetary group situated at its inside. The sun is a circle of seriously hot vaporous matter with a measurement of 1.39x109m and is around 1.5x1011m far from the earth, the sun turns on its hub once about like clockwork. The power of sunlight based radiation per unit time on a unit surface outside the world s air is known as sun based consistent. Its qualityRead MoreComparing Two Models of Calibrators: Fluke 754 and Emerson 4753299 Words   |  13 Pagesclear that the company is in need of a calibrator and it will need one that can measure and calibrate different types of equipment. An appropriate calibrator should meet accuracy specifications. The calibrator is expected to maintain accuracy in measurements and configurations of equipment consistent with industry standards (Madrid, 2012 ). This report makes comparison of two models of calibrators, the Fluke 754 and Emerson 475. The summary of key functions and features reveal that the two are almost

Purchasing The Individual Stock Investment Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2276 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Nowadays, everyone will start investment rather than saving. According to Dan Weil (2011), almost all financial advisers will recommend people have at least some of their money to invest in stock market. For investors who are following that advice, the major question for them was whether investing in mutual funds makes more sense than purchasing in individual stock investment. There is no simple answer for this question. It was depend on the investor; investor can either choose low, medium, or high risk, capital, and return to invest. Also, investor can invest in both mutual funds and individual stocks investment. According to Alexis Tech (2012), mutual funds investments have given great returns to investors over the years and so have stock investments. However, if those investors have not enough knowledge of stock market, then mutual funds might be the right choice for them. Besides, those investors who are interested in the market, but do not have time to manage their investment portfolio themselves should also went to mutual funds. Besides, a mutual fund is an investment vehicle that accepts money from various investors and creates a large pool (Michelle Smith, 2011). Mutual fund is a group investment, it gather money from several investor then only invested in the stock market by fund manager. Furthermore, there are different types of mutual funds, which is high risk high return, medium risk medium return and low risk low return for defensive investors. The investors can decide to choose a fund as per their needs, financial strength and risk taking capability. After that, investors only check for the funds when free, not daily basis and yet get returns on selected period. On the other hand, individual stock investment is for those who are professional in stock market. These kinds of person have technical knowledge of stocks, their charts and can predict the future stock price based on the intensive stock research. Public w as named them stock market trader. Therefore, for those who lack of knowledge or experience of stock market, stock investment can cause a huge capital loss. Also, the types of stock investment was similar with mutual funds, it has high risk high return, medium risk medium return and low risk low return for defensive investors. Investors will decide to choose based on their need or expectation. The only different between stock investors and mutual fund investors was stock investors need to keep a track of the market on daily basis, because the investors are manage the stock by their own. In additional, the investor should educate himself about the way of the mutual fund industry functioning before investing in mutual funds (Alexis Tech, 2012). Investors should do research and find out which mutual fund companies have given consistent returns to investors over a period of time, check the performance of the mutual funds in the times of crisis such as economic recession as well. Otherwise, individual stock investments can give more monetary benefits than mutual funds if done in an organized manner. On the other hand, factors that affects investors choosing mutual fund rather than individual stock investment was risk management, return, time, and capital. According to Joe Light (2011), risk management was one of the main concerns by investor during making decision. The main objective for an investor is to maximize the return and minimize risk. Also, asset allocation and risk management are widely recognized as being the keys successful investing, whether via mutual funds or individual stocks investment. Keeping the investment risk low is the best way to limit losses and maximize returns (Chuck Epstein, 2011). Mutual funds can lower the investors risk through professional managing group or funds manager. According to Certified Financial Planner (CFP), mutual funds are managed and supervised by investment professionals. As per the stated objectives set forth in the prospectus, along with prevailing market conditions and other factors, the mutual fund manager will decide when to buy or sell securities. This will eliminate the investor of difficult task of trying to time the market. Compare to individual stock investment, Lindsey Gardner (2008) has shown that the risk of stock investment was higher than mutual funds. The value of the stock was highly depended on the financial capability of the shares issued company. Once the company went into bankrupt, the share price will fall sharply; the shareholders will lose their money. Also, the general status of country economic wills determines how a company fares in the stock market. In other word, the stock price will go down during the recession period of economic. Therefore, the risk of individual stock investment was higher than mutual funds based on the literature review. Furthermore, Austin Pryor (2008) has shown that mutual funds could reduce risk through diversificatio n. Diversification involves the mixing of investments within a portfolio and is used to manage risk. For example, choosing to buy stocks in the retail sector and offsetting them with stocks in the industrial sector, the investors can reduce the impact of the performance of any one security on their entire portfolio. In order to achieve diversified portfolio, investor may invest widely such as invest in stock and bond or securities at the same time. Mutual funds typically hold from 50 to 500 stocks in their portfolio. Therefore, any loss caused by the unexpected collapse of any one stock will have only a relatively minor effect on the pool as a whole. On the other hand, according to Dan Weil (2011), if an investor wants to achieve diversification through individual stocks, the investor at least has to invest 20 different stocks. Also, the risk will increase through invest in many stocks; because the investor has to manage 20 different risks from different stocks, it was not the objective for diversification. Based on their survey, mutual fund was safety than individual stock investment through diversification. The second factor was return. Investment return was means the profit gain from the investment. The first concern of an investor was the return from investment, so return will be the factor to affect investor decision making. When investors decide to make an investment, they will evaluate the expected return from those investments before investing, and then only evaluate other factor such as level of risk. The return from mutual funds was not as high as individual stock investment, because mutual funds mostly invest in medium risk or low risk stock market. It has very low percentage to invest in high risk stock market (Alexis Tech, 2012). A good mutual fund can gain returns in the range of 15 to 25 percent on a yearly basis to investors. Compare to individual stock investment, Disqus (2012) has shown that individual stock investment has p otential for delivering very large gains. Annual return-on-investment (ROI) of over 100% has occurred on a somewhat regular basis. According to Maggie OHoulihan (2012), common stocks have no limit for return, because the stock may growth for long time, which is means that the investor can gain for no limit. The following factor was time. In finance, time was divided into three types, which is short-term, medium-term, and long-term. Short-term was referring to any investment or financial plan within one year. Medium-term or call intermediate-term is referring to a plan with a term longer than short-term but shorter than long-term. The exact length varies according to the usage; it could be few weeks of few years. Long term was referring to a plan with a term of longer than one year. The exact number of year varies according to the usage. Time is very important for investors because time will help investors in their investment planning, such as choosing suitable investment pr oduct, monitoring the performance and the most importantly was monitoring the risk. One of the advantages of mutual fund was time flexible. Time flexible was means the investor can choose the time for investment period. As this report mention before, time for investor was very important, some of the investors like to invest in short-term, some like medium-term and long-term as well. Mutual funds investors can choose any period based on their need. Besides, the mutual fund investor can reduce the time to monitoring the status of the fund due to the professional management. However, individual stock investor has to spend time to monitoring the performance of stock, therefore stock investment was consume more time than mutual funds. The final factor was capital. Capital was another main concern of investor. The meaning of capital is means the money of investor spends for investment. Investor will choose those investment product bases on their capital, because capital is the mo ney they willing to spend for investment. According to Bryan Lorin Sudweeks (2011), mutual funds will minimal transaction costs. Mutual funds offer the advantage of economic scale in purchase or sale, because the transaction of mutual funds was large. Economic scale refers to the fact that mutual funds cost may decrease as the assets size of mutual funds increased. Brokers may lower the fees try to get more of the mutual funds business. Furthermore, mutual fund can eliminate the cost of an investor would incur when doing research of securities. The cost of managing numerous securities is dispersed among all the investors according to the amount of shares they own. In other word, the fund managers have more money to research more securities. Transaction cost is a cost incurred in making an economic exchange. For example, when people purchasing or selling a stock, must pay a commission to the stock broker, that commission is a transaction cost of doing stock deal. In order wo rd, transaction cost was a part of the investment fees. Based on this point, the researcher realize that mutual fund will reduce the investment fees, which means the investor can spend more to invest and pay lesser fee. Besides, investors can sell their shares and collect money from open-ended funds, which is a fund that can create and redeem shares on demand usually within two business days. If the open-ended fund was no-load funds, investors are not require to pay transaction costs when they buy or redeem shares (Bryan Lorin Sudweeks, 2011). Also, according to Austin Pryor (2008), mutual fund shares can be purchased in such small amounts, so its easy to get started. Investing in mutual funds usually does not require a large sum of money, because mutual funds is not like stock market, it is like a pool and investors put money inside the pool then only invested by professional. Most fund organizations do have minimum amounts needed to open an account, but minimums are often dramatically lower for Individual retirement account (IRAs) and for automatic deposit accounts where an account those investors agree to make regular monthly deposits to build their account. However, according to DF (2010), stock investment has attached with brokerage commission fee. Every transaction of stock investment order executed costs some money. It makes the purchasing or selling the stock become prohibitively expensive and even reduces the profit from investment. Based on the research, the capital involved in stock investment was higher than mutual funds, which is means the cost for individual stock investment was more expensive than mutual fund investment. On the other hand, there are some models or theories will be used in this study. The first was Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT). MPT was developed by Edwin J Elton and Martin J Gruber at 1995, and they are from New York University. MPT was a theory of finance which attempts to maximize portfolio expected return fo r a given amount of portfolio risk, or minimize the risk for a given level of expected return by choosing the proportion of various assets. MPT was a mathematical formulation of the concept of diversification in investing, which means MPT was selecting a collection of investment assets that had collectively lower risk than individual investment. According to Edwin J Elton and Martin J Gruber (1995), MPT models an assets return as a normally distributed function, defines risk as the standard deviation of return, and models a portfolio as a weighted combination of assets. The fundamental concept of MPT was the assets in an investment portfolio should not be selected individually, each of their own merits. For given amount of risk, MPT describe how to select a portfolio with highest possible expected return. Or given the amount of return, MPT describe how to select a portfolio with lowest possible risk. Therefore, MPT was a form of diversification, and explain how to find the best possible diversification strategy. The optimal portfolio concept was under Modern Portfolio Theory. It was used in 1952 by Harry Markowitz, and it shown us that are possible for different portfolio to have varying levels of risk and return. According to Harry Markowitz (1952), the theory was assume that the investors try to minimize risk when acquire higher return possible. It states that investor will act rationally, always making decision aimed at maximizing their return for their acceptable level of risk. Besides, optimal portfolio concept was to remind the investor must decide how much risk they can handle and then allocate their portfolio according to it. Furthermore, the study were applied risk and return tradeoff concept. Risk and return tradeoff is the balance between the desire for the lowest possible risk and the higher possible return. A common misconception is that high risk equal to high return. The risk and return tradeoff concept has shown that the higher risk has provide the possibility of higher returns, no guarantees. Just as risk means higher potential returns, it also means for higher losses. Finally, the previous research has provided evidence and the result that meet the objective of the study. However, there are some weakness exist in the previous research. Therefore, the researcher will continue the study to solve the weakness that appears in the previous research. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Purchasing The Individual Stock Investment Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

The Policies Of The Disabled People With Disabilities And...

Policy Stakeholders According to the 2000 U.S. Census, nearly fifty million individuals, one in every five people ages five and older in the United States are living with potentially disabling conditions (United States Census Bureau website, 2012). Because so many Americans are living with a disability, the Americans with Disability Act, enacted in 1990, was a landmark act that reduced many barriers for people with disabilities (Thompson, 2015). However, more needs of the disabled population are being identified. Consequently, more regulatory policy formulation needs to be done to improve the health of people with disabilities and their families (Mason, Gardner, Outlaw, O’Grady, 2016). Various areas of health care, health finance, and nursing practice do not have sufficient policies to deliver affordable care safely, effectively, and efficiently to a disabled population of this size. Scarce resources, changing times, and fluctuations of demographic trends are reasons policies are lacking for the disabled community (Mason et al., 2016). This paper will describe the promotion of a policy initiative, extending the Stephen Beck Jr. Achieving a Better Life Experience Act (ABLE) to disabled individuals of all ages. A key step in assimilating policy on a public agenda is identifying key stakeholders. As a member of the Rock Island County community ABLE task force, our mission is federal legislation to ease financial strains by the creation of a tax-advantaged savingsShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of The Welfare State And Social Policies1563 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of the Welfare State and Social Policies have been based on assumptions about gender, race, ability/disability and age. 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There are numerous factors that attribute to the cause of this issue, which include individuals with disabilities can only attain lower wage jobs, discrimination in theRead MoreSociological Research On Physical Disability1398 Words   |  6 P agesnorm-breaking act but instead focuses on how society view people who are deemed as deviant in this case physically disabled and reactions from society whether it is good or bad. Physical disability is when a person lost full or partial loss of their bodily functions. Labelling perspective is still relevant in our society and for society to be able to look beyond the norm breaking; society needs to develop an understanding about the difference between ‘disabilities’. 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Traditional Approach Management Accounting and New Aprroach

In traditional approach, the exact cost of products or services is probably impossible to determine. The use of direct labor as the activity base made sense when overhead cost allocation systems were first developed. At that time direct labor made up a large portion of total manufacturing cost. Therefore, it was widely accepted that there was a high correlation between direct labor and the incurrence of overhead cost. As a result, direct labor became the most popular basis for allocating overhead. Traditional cost models apply resources to products in two ways. So called direct costs like material and direct labor are attributed directly to the product and other resources are arbitrarily allocated to the product, typically through the†¦show more content†¦For example, hiring personnel may be a cost object of Human Resources Department utilizing space, utility, telephone, supply and labor resources and performing advertising, calling, interviewing and orientation activities. That cost object may be a resource used by other departments to secure labor resource for their department. Building a network of resources, activities and cost objects defines the operational flow of the process or processes to be costed. Each resource and activity has a unit of measure which converts them at a unit of demand rate. If a cost model is to be useful and effective in determining process and product costs, it is imperative that the business process be identified and understood first. Only then can costs be attached to determine the cost of the defined process. Activity-based costing is a more accurate cost management system than traditional costing. Activity based costing create more cost pool, being use to assign overhead cost to products. Instead of one plantwide pool and a single cost driver, company uses numerous activity pools with more relevant cost drivers. Cost are assigned more directly on the basis of cost drivers used to produce each product. Enhance control over overhead cost, under ABC, company can trace many overhead cost directly to activities, allowing some indirect cost to be identified as direct cost. Thus manager have become more aware of their

Drive by daniel pink Free Essays

The Puzzling Puzzles of Harry Harlow and Edward Deci Drive offers a new way to think about motivation. Most of what businesses, governments, and nonprofit organizations assume about human behavior, particularly about what motivates us, is wrong. Short-term incentives and pay-for-performance schemes come from outdated assumptions that favor external motivations (i. We will write a custom essay sample on Drive by daniel pink or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. , rewards and punishments for behaving a particular way) overintrinsic motivations (i. e. , the Joy that comes from completing a task). Organizations that rely on external rewards and punishments do so at their peril. In two separate studies, psychologists Harry Harlow and Edward Deci found that external motivations negativelyimpacted performance for non-routine tasks. Although Harlow and Deci’s results were robust, they were controversial and ignored. In the book, Drive, Dan Pink argues that it’s time to get rid of the old operating system and replace it with a more scientifically accurate understanding of human behavior. Drive, is organized into three parts. Part One reveals how external motivations (a. . a. , carrot-and-stick incentives) can do more harm than good, except in tasks that have straightforward solutions and that equire adherence to a simple set of rules. It’s time organizations move to a new mindset that embraces what Dan Pink calls Type I behavior (i. e. , behavior fueled by the inherent satisfaction of the task itself). Part Two examines the three building blocks of Type I behav ior: autonomy (i. e. , our desire to be self-directed), mastery (i. e. , our urge to make progress and get better at what we do), and purpose (i. e. our yearning to contribute and to be part of something greater than ourselves). How to cite Drive by daniel pink, Papers

Spirituality Soulful spirituality

Questions: 1. What is prime reality? 2. What is the nature of the world around us? 3. What is a human being? 4. What happens to a person at death? 5. Why is it possible to know anything at all? 6. How do we know what is right or wrong? 7. What is the meaning of human history? Answers: 1. Prime Reality: Prime Reality is something that can only be related to the GOD, the God who is believed to be omnipotent. All his creations on earth are visible but not him. Still there exists a faith that he is there, looking after all his creations. This reality is the prime reality (Benner, 2011). 2. Nature of the world around us: The world around us is real and whatever happens we give a meaningful explanation to it. Different people have different look out on life. They see the world differently. They give different meaning to everything. This world is governed by science and logic but they have a faith that God does whatever happens. There are things which happen and there is no logic to it and we say God did it. 3. Human being: Human being is one of the most beautiful creatures of God. He has instilled emotions in us. We are not machines. We think, we love, and we feel. In ancient period it was idealized that man is the subject of study for man. It means that human being is sole responsible for being human. Where physicist greatly explained how a human being can be defined, they only defined the elementary particles through their research. The essence of human being comprises both spiritual and also bodily organization. 4. Death: death has two perceptions. A group of optimistic people believe the existence of spirits after death, and the other protests that there is no life; death is the end of all. This critical believes brings out the romanticism in Death (Robinson, 2008). When a person nears to death is unpredictable but what might the person do when he knows he is about to be dead? The person relives the memories which were most impactful in his life. Those that made an imprint on the mind and then suddenly everything blurs out. 5. To know anything: according to logical philanthropists, to know anything is not possible. When human being came into earth they had little knowledge about everything even themselves. They learned through environment and their beliefs also guided them. It guided their conscience and their questions to obtain answers. There are many question that are unanswered this is when our conscience our knowledge guides us. But if we ask questions about our self then the answer lies within. 6. To understand what is right and what is wrong: it is hard to know what is right and what is wrong, but it is not impossible. It happens that what is right to us may be wrong to others. Then who are we to decide? If we have a prevailing belief that whatever happens is for good then there is nothing wrong. But is it so? Is it just about us? No. The world was not for one but the world was created for one. 7. The meaning of human history: Human history generates with the evolution of human beings. Human history extends the possibility of knowing what happened. Thus extending a possibility of knowing what will happen in future. References Benner, D. (2011).Soulful spirituality. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Brazos Press. Robinson, S. (2008).Spirituality, ethics and care. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Should The Death Penalty Be Abolished Essay Example

Should The Death Penalty Be Abolished Essay Two murder cases, one occurring in 2001 and another in 2003, have cast serious doubts on the correctness and the morality of the imposition of the death penalty in the United States.   The first case was that of James Elledge, who confessed to murdering a woman in 2001, was consequently sentenced to death, and finally executed.   The second case happened in 2003 when one Gary Ridgway admitted to killing 48 women but was only imprisoned for life. (Amnesty International)   Comparing and contrasting the two cases is an elementary task:   first, the two offenders similarly pleaded guilty to their crimes; second, the first felon killed one woman and was executed for his crime, while the second murdered 48 women but escaped with a verdict of life imprisonment.   And this is only the tip of the iceberg!Comparatively speaking, were the rulings handed down in the two foregoing cases reasonable?   Was the American justice system fair in both cases?   Absolutely not!   It does n ot take a brilliant legal mind to discern that justice was not served properly, that a very grave error was committed in either one or both of the cases.   A grade school pupil, applying simple arithmetic, could tell everybody that 48 is a lot more than 1, and even a simpleton could be expected to observe that a man who killed 48 women is â€Å"badder† than he who killed a lone woman.   With respect to the case of James Elledge, if indeed he was sentenced incorrectly and punished with such finality as death, one is left to wonder:   could something be done to right the wrong?   The answer is a heartbreaking negative – the penalty had been severely final, and it was already executed; Elledge could no longer be brought back to life.   After Elledge was executed, could we possibly locate someone involved in prosecuting him to at least admit to the likelihood that the convict might, indeed, have been mistakenly sent to his death?   The answer to this is: most p robably not.   In this country, nobody is expected to worry over spilled milk (in this case they might even refer to it as â€Å"spoiled† spilled milk)!   It is because of these reasons that I am strongly recommending that death penalty be abolished in the United States of America.Death penalty should be abolished because innocent people face a serious risk of being executed due to a flawed U.S. criminal justice system.   The prevalence of evidence pointing to a flawed system of criminal justice administration has rendered it immoral for this country to insist on imposing the capital punishment.   The comparative cases of Elledge and Ridgway provide a jarring microcosm of this flaw.   Just because Elledge chose not to offer any mitigating factors, he was meted the capital punishment for that single murder.   Ridgway, on the other hand, who had been described in the Supreme Court opinion as â€Å"the most prolific serial killer† in the history of the state o f Washington, was awarded the sentence of life imprisonment simply because he was able to work out an agreement with his prosecutors which resulted to the recovery of the corpses of his victims. (FindLaw)   Do we need vivid imaginations to visualize the enormity of the blunder committed by the government prosecutors in that case?   They had to engage in a plea bargaining agreement which involved the offering of a lesser punishment, just to enable the criminal to â€Å"prove beyond reasonable doubt† that he indeed murdered 48 women by begging him to lead them to their burials!   And to think that this is only a microcosm – the proverbial tip of the iceberg.   There is no way of telling how many miscarriages of justice resulted to the deaths of innocent men since the death penalty was re-instated in 1977 in Utah when Gary Gilmore faced the firing squad. (Master’s Girl 2005)   Gross (1998) claimed that no less than fifty-five convicts (mostly accused rapi sts) have been freed from 1992-1998 because DNA evidence cleared them after they had already spent several years in prison.   Ballard, on the other hand, reported on February 24, 2003, that before relinquishing office, Governor George Ryan of Illinois released 167 death convicts because he found out that the penal system in his state was â€Å"broken.†Ã‚   Reiterating my point, the government of the United States has no business consigning people to the death chamber for allegations of crimes that it cannot even prosecute and try properly – lest people will continue to die without reason.Death penalty is a senseless killing, a vengeful punishment which serves no apparent purpose except to add one more death every time an execution takes place, ending still another life which might yet belong to an innocent man or woman.   It does not even serve its purported reason for its being, which is to deter crime.   Deterrence in this context is discouragement or warning b y example.   In other words, what they are saying is that government is in the business of executing criminals because it wants to scare similar-minded people from committing crimes, or else they suffer the same fate.   It should be noted, however, that contrary to claims made by proponents of the death penalty, not all crimes could be deterred by death penalty.Perpetrators of felonies not punishable by death, for instance, are not concerned with whether capital punishment is in force or not.   Crimes of passion, no matter how brutal, could not be deterred by death penalty either, because they are committed at the spur of the moment, before the offender could even think of the consequences.   The warning emanating from death penalty could only be expected to be heard, if it could be heard at all, by those who are contemplating murders – in other words, premeditated murders.   So in this context, deterring crimes by death penalty is such a restricted concept.   Eve n so, many of those who are planning murders believe that by meticulous planning, they can outsmart the law – thereby further diminishing the preventive influence of death penalty. Looking at actual statistics, what happened after the re-instatement of the death penalty in 1977 confirms this.   The rate of murder in the United States per 100,000 inhabitants in 1977 stood at 8.8, while rape was at 29.4.   During the succeeding three-year period from 1978-1980, murder steadily climbed to 9.0 in 1978, 9.8 in 1979, and 10.2 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1980; rape similarly rose, from 29.4 in 1977 to 31.0 in 1978, 34.7 in 1979, and 36.8 in 1980.(The Disaster Center. 2006)   Clearly, the re-instatement of death penalty did not at all deter the commission of murder and rape.   Again reiterating my argument, death penalty should be abolished because it does not deter crime.Proponents of the death penalty argue that it is not true that death penalty kills innocent people.   Th ey like to believe that the jury system which tasks twelve carefully chosen people to determine whether a defendant is guilty beyond reasonable doubt, allows very little possibility for error.   Others who grudgingly admit that the possibility of inadvertently sending a few innocent men to the death row still exists, they contend that the risk have to be taken because more people could get killed in case a convicted murderer succeeds to set himself free, either by escaping, or via the system of parole.There are also those who believe that death penalty deters crime.   According to these people, executing a murderer deters or prevents crime because a dead murderer could no longer kill, while a murderer who is simply sentenced to life imprisonment could still find opportunities to kill again, even in confinement.   They like to cite instances where prison guards and even inmates are killed during prison riots.I beg to disagree with those who think that the jury system is infalli ble.   Twelve heads do not guarantee a fair judgment.   Jurors are human beings with individual weaknesses and personal prejudices, dormant or otherwise, and the dynamics of the discussion allows everything into play, including said prejudices.   If it happens that a prejudice directed against the defendant is adopted by the majority, then most often than not, the defendant is denied a fair and impartial judgment.   Moreover, many, if not most of the defendants in capital cases especially murder, are poor people who cannot afford to hire good lawyers.   They are assigned court-appointed lawyers who do the job of defending them half-heartedly.   This lackadaisical performance of the defense lawyer defeats the defendant’s case even before it goes to the jury for deliberation.   Another very critical aspect of the jury system which works against the defendant is the jury selection.While the prosecution employs qualified people to support the prosecutor in selecting probable jurors with backgrounds and circumstances deemed sympathetic to their cause, the slapdash performance of a court-appointed lawyer once again loses points for the defendants.   I also would like to take exception to the argument that executing the convict deters crime because it prevents the dead to commit more crimes.   Everybody knows that this distorts the issue because incarceration effectively denies a convict the opportunity to commit crimes.   Prison riots are problems affecting prison administration and not judicial process.   Escape should not be made a reason either because prison security is another matter altogether.   Parole, on the other hand, is an indication that the penal system works.   The granting of parole means that the penal system succeeds in reforming convicts and preparing them for a new life outside the prison walls.   The argument that many freed convicts go back to committing crimes is more a product of discrimination against ex-co nvicts perpetuated by society.In view of the foregoing discussion, I believe that the time for the United States to abolish death penalty has arrived.   Death penalty represents the most graphic example of society’s cruelty to poor people who, because of their inability to utilize every protection accorded them under the constitution, are often consigned to death row even if they are innocent of any crime.   The history of the U.S. criminal justice system is replete with instances of innocent people being sent to the death chamber.   Killing, aside from employing the barbaric dictum of â€Å"an eye for an eye,† achieves nothing productive.   It even defeats the ultimate purpose of the U.S. penal system of correcting and reforming wayward members of society.   Worse, death penalty has already proven to all and sundry, that it does not serve its purported purpose of deterring crimes.   It is time that we join the rest of the â€Å"civilized world† in r epudiating the death penalty.   Britain already did it in 1971, Canada in 1976, and France in 1981. (News Batch 2006)